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1.
Journal of Forensic Medicine ; (6): 175-178, 2012.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-983731

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE@#To detect the changes of leukotriene E4(LTE4), prostaglandin D2(PGD2), carboxypeptidase A3(CPA3) and platelet activating factor (PAF) in guinea pigs died from anaphylactic shock.@*METHODS@#Guinea pigs were used for establishing anaphylactic shock models. The levels of LTE4, PGD2 and CPA3, and PAF were detected in urine, plasma, and brain tissues with ELISA kit, respectively. The significant biomarkers were selected comparing with control group. The changes of PGD2, CPA3 and PAF in the guinea pigs at time zero, 12 and 24 hours after death were observed and compared respectively. The effect of platelet activating factor acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH) to PAF in guinea pig brain was examined and compared.@*RESULTS@#There were no statistically differences of LTE4 levels in urine observed between experimental group and control group. The levels of CPA3, PGD2 and PAF in the experimental group were significantly higher than that in the control group at 0 h. The levels of PAF at 12 and 24 hours after anaphylactic shock were significantly higher than that in the control group. The levels of PAF decreased significantly after pretreatment with PAF-AH.@*CONCLUSION@#LTE4 in urine cannot be selected as a biomarker to determine the anaphylactic shock. PGD2 and CPA3 in plasma, and PAF in brain tissue may be used as biomarkers to determine the anaphylactic shock. PAF-AH may be potentially useful for clinical treatment of anaphylactic shock.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Male , Mice , 1-Alkyl-2-acetylglycerophosphocholine Esterase/pharmacology , Anaphylaxis/prevention & control , Brain/pathology , Carboxypeptidases/blood , Case-Control Studies , Disease Models, Animal , Egg Proteins/administration & dosage , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Guinea Pigs , Leukotriene E4/urine , Platelet Activating Factor/metabolism , Prostaglandin D2/blood , Time Factors
2.
Rio de Janeiro; s.n; 2011. 109 p. ilus, graf.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-619454

ABSTRACT

Pseudomonas aeruginosa é um importante agente de pneumonia, particularmente em pacientes submetidos à ventilação mecânica, que pode evoluir para sepse, com elevadas taxas de letalidade. Na sepse, o processo inflamatório sistêmico exacerbado favorece o desequilíbrio entre as vias de coagulação e fibrinólise e a instalação de um estado pró-coagulante, com o aparecimento de trombose microvascular, coagulação intravascular disseminada e falência de múltiplos órgãos. Conhecendo a potente atividade pró-inflamatória da toxina ExoU produzida por P. aeruginosa, decorrente de sua atividade fosfolipásica A2, o objetivo desta tese foi investigar seu potencial de indução de alterações hemostáticas relacionadas à patogênese da sepse. Utilizando modelo de sepse em camundongos inoculados, por via intratraqueal, com suspensões de P. aeruginosa produtora de ExoU (PA103) ou de cepa com deleção do gene exoU, não produtora da toxina, foi mostrado que ExoU determinou maior gravidade da infecção, maior taxa de letalidade, leucopenia, trombocitose, hiperpermeabilidade vascular e transudação plasmática, evidenciadas, respectivamente, pela maior concentração de proteínas nos lavados broncoalveolares (LBAs) e acúmulo do corante Azul de Evans, previamente inoculado nos animais, por via endovenosa, no parênquima renal. ExoU favoreceu, também, a ativação plaquetária, confirmada pela maior concentração de plaquetas expressando P-seletina em sua supefície, maior número de micropartículas derivadas de plaquetas e maior concentração plasmática de tromboxano A2. A histopatologia dos pulmões e rins dos animais infectados com PA103 confirmou a formação de microtrombos, que não foram detectados nos animais controles ou infectados com a cepa mutante. Nos pulmões, a produção de ExoU determinou intensa resposta inflamatória com maior concentração de leucócitos totais e polimorfonucleados, interleucina-6 e fator de necrose tumoral-alfa nos LBAs. A análise imunohistoquímica mostrou intensa deposição...


Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important agent of pneumonia, mainly in patients undergoing mechanical ventilation, which can progress to sepsis with high mortality rates. In sepsis, the systemic inflammatory process favors exacerbated imbalance between the coagulation and fibrinolysis pathways and the installation of a procoagulant state, leading to microvascular thrombosis, disseminated intravascular coagulation and multiple organ failure. Knowing the powerful proinflammatory activity of the P. aeruginosa toxin ExoU, secondary to its phospholipase A2 activity, the goal of this study was to investigate the ExoU potential to induce hemostatic changes related to sepsis pathogenesis. By using a murine model of pneumosepsis, obtained by the intratracheal injection of suspensions of the ExoU-producing PA103 P. aeruginosa strain or of its isogenic mutant PA103 exoU, defective in the toxin synthesis, ExoU was shown to enhance the severity of the infection and to induce higher mice mortality rate as well as leukopenia, thrombocytosis, vascular hyperpermeability and plasma transudation, evidenced, respectively, by the higher protein concentration in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF) and accumulation of Evans blue dye, previously intravenous infectioned, in mice renal parenchyma. ExoU also favored platelet activation, evidenced by the higher concentration of platelets expressing P-selectin on their surface, greater number of platelet-derived microparticles and increased plasma concentration of thromboxane A2. Histopathology of the lungs and kidneys of PA103 - infected animals confirmed the formation of microthrombi, which were not detected in controls or in animals infected with the bacterial mutant. In lungs, ExoU induced an intense inflammatory response with high concentrations of total and polymorphonuclear leukocytes, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alfa in mice BALF. Immunohistochemical analysis showed intense fibrin deposition in the alveoli...


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Male , Female , Mice , Blood Coagulation , Platelet Activating Factor/antagonists & inhibitors , Platelet Activating Factor/metabolism , Pseudomonas Infections/complications , Pseudomonas Infections/blood , Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1/blood , Bacterial Proteins/metabolism , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/metabolism , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/virology , Sepsis/blood , Platelet Activation , Pneumonia, Bacterial/blood , Sepsis/etiology
3.
Experimental & Molecular Medicine ; : 220-225, 2004.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-173482

ABSTRACT

The present study was carried out to examine the mechanisms of the synergistic interaction of PAF and A23187 mediated platelet aggregation. We found that platelet aggregation mediated by subthreshold concentrations of PAF (5 nM) and A23187 (1 micrometer) was inhibited by PAF receptor blocker (WEB 2086, IC50=0.65 micrometer) and calcium channel blockers, diltiazem (IC50=13 micrometer) and verapamil (IC50=18 micrometer). Pretreatment of platelets with PAF and A23187 induced rise in intracellular calcium and this effect was also blocked by verapamil. While examining the role of the down stream signaling pathways, we found that platelet aggregation induced by the co-addition of PAF and A23187 was also inhibited by low concentrations of phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitor (U73122; IC50 = 10 micrometer), a cyclooxygenase inhibitor (indomethacin; IC50=0.2 micrometer) and inhibitor of TLCK, herbimycin A with IC50 value of 5 micrometer. The effect was also inhibited by a specific TXA2 receptor antagonist, SQ 29548 with very low IC50 value of 0.05 micrometer. However, the inhibitors of MAP kinase, PD98059 and protein kinase C, chelerythrine had no effect on PAF and A23187-induced platelet aggregation. These data suggest that the synergism between PAF and A23187 in platelet aggregation involves activation of thromboxane and tyrosine kinase pathways.


Subject(s)
Humans , Blood Platelets/drug effects , Calcimycin/pharmacology , Indomethacin/pharmacology , Ionophores/pharmacology , Platelet Activating Factor/metabolism , Platelet Aggregation/physiology , Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors , Quinones/pharmacology , Thromboxane A2/physiology , Verapamil/pharmacology
4.
J. bras. patol. med. lab ; 39(1): 07-13, jan.-mar. 2003. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-334726

ABSTRACT

A hemostasia é resultante do equilíbrio entre pró-coagulantes e anticoagulantes, envolvendo vasos, plaquetas, proteínas da coagulaçäo e da fibrinólise e anticoagulantes naturais. Todos estes componentes estäo inter-relacionados, constituindo os sistemas de coagulaçäo, anticoagulaçäo e fibrinólise. Muitos fatores, genéticos ou adquiridos, podem contribuir para romper este equilíbrio, levando a estados de hipo ou hipercoagulabilidade. Em doenças coronarianas como a angina e o infarto, há uma maior ativaçäo das plaquetas e das proteínas da coagulaçäo, favorecendo a formaçäo de trombos. Na tentativa de restaurar a hemostasia, ocorre a intervençäo do sistema fibrinolítico, o qual promove a lise do coágulo e desobstrui o vaso. Neste trabalho foram avaliados os mecanismos da coagulaçäo e da fibrinólise e a proteína C, um anticoagulante natural. Foram estudados 20 pacientes com doenças coronarianas, notadamente angina de peito (n = 8) e infarto agudo do miocárdio (n = 12), além de pacientes potencialmente em risco de desenvolver doença cardiovascular (n = 17). O grupo infarto foi pareado com indivíduos sadios do ponto de vista clinicolaboratorial (grupo-controle, n = 12). Os resultados revelaram uma diferença significativa nos níveis de fibrinogênio nos grupos de angina e infarto quando comparados ao grupo-controle. Níveis de proteína C ativada também mostraram diferença significativa entre os grupos de risco e infarto. Os demais parâmetros hemostáticos avaliados näo diferiram significativamente entre os grupos estudados, porém foi observada uma tendência à hipercoagulabilidade nos grupos de pacientes quando comparados ao grupo-controle


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Coronary Disease , Platelet Activating Factor/metabolism , Blood Coagulation Factors/metabolism , Fibrinolysis/physiology , Protein C/metabolism
5.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 22(6): 745-8, June 1989. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-75219

ABSTRACT

An immune-complex-mediated hypersensitivity reaction induced in the rat lung was followed by release of the eicosanoids thromboxane, prostaglandin E2 and leukotriene B4 into bronchoalveolar space. Concomitantly, there was a decrease in the number of circulating platelets. The thrombocytopenia was inhibited by a cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor (indomethacin), a platelet activating factor (PAF) antagonist (BN-52021) and an inhibitor of thromboxane (econazozle), but was not affected by a lipoxygenase inhibitor (NDGA). These results suggest the involvement of eicosanoids and PAF in the immune complex hypersensitivity reaction in the rat lung and indicate the ocurrence of interactions between PAF and thromboxane


Subject(s)
Rats , Animals , Male , Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic/immunology , Antigen-Antibody Complex/immunology , Platelet Activating Factor/metabolism , Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid/immunology , Thromboxanes/metabolism
6.
Rev. goiana med ; 33(1/4): 57-62, jan.-dez. 1987. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-92243

ABSTRACT

A metodologia utilizada em experiências anteriores para a purificaçäo e caracterizaçäo do PAF bovino foi também empregada para o estudo da molécula do PAF no plasma circular do boi. Ao contário do que se esperava, a imunoeletroforese cruzada do plasma de boi em gel de agarose a 2% näo forneceu os resultados esperados. A utilizaçäo, poré, de gel de agarose a 1% e a 0,8% permitiu o paparecimento de vários picos de imunoprecipitado com identidade total, tendo o gel a 0,8% fornecido uma resoluçäo maior. A vaiaçäo da distância dos orifícios à linha demarcadora entre o gel superior e o gel inferior foi também estudada. Os melhores resultados foram obtidos quando os orifícios se situavam próximos da linha de separaçäo. Esses achados confirmam os resultados de experiências anteriores e sugerem que o PAF circula no plasma de boi como uma série de agregados de altos pesos moleculares


Subject(s)
Animals , von Willebrand Diseases/blood , Platelet Activating Factor/metabolism , Immunoelectrophoresis, Two-Dimensional , Platelet Aggregation , Cattle , Plasma/immunology
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